The interactive dog atlas · Exterior and regions · Trunk

Tail cauda

The tail is the continuation of the vertebral column, from the croup downward. It is made of vertebrae that get smaller toward the tip, and their number differs from one dog to another.

Educational material, not a diagnostic tool. Written by the Mantrailing România team from veterinary sources we read. Updated 14.11.2026.

Dog in left lateral view — exterior, muscles, skeleton and organs Vector study after the Ellenberger, Baum and Dittrich plates: a standing dog, head to the left, deep chest and digitigrade limbs. The four layers use the same contour: exterior with body regions, superficial muscles, skeleton and organs.
  1. Tail
  2. Croup
Tail on the atlas drawing, "Exterior and regions" layer, with the neighbouring structures. Left lateral view, after the Ellenberger, Baum and Dittrich plates.

Where it is

The continuation of the vertebral column, from the croup downward.

System
Body regions
Region
Trunk

What it is and what it does

The tail is the continuation of the vertebral column: usually between twenty and twenty-three caudal vertebrae, getting smaller toward the tip. The number varies between individuals. The tail helps with balance in turns and is a communication tool, through position and movement.

Tail shape and length differ a lot between breeds, and the number of vertebrae can differ even between dogs of the same breed.

Worth remembering

The tail helps with balance in turns and communicates through position and movement.

Names

  • Also called: caudal region.
  • Latin term: cauda.
  • In Romanian: Coada (Romanian page).

In the atlas lessons

Read the dog's body (5 min):

Tail up and a “big” body communicate confidence; tail low or between the legs, with the ears back and the body lowered, shrink the silhouette: fear, insecurity or appeasement.

The tail wags asymmetrically: more widely to the right for the owner, to the left for an unfamiliar dog with agonistic behavior; other dogs perceive the difference.

Questions from the atlas

"Find it on the drawing" questions whose answer is this structure; in the atlas you will find them in the question bank and in the lessons.

Guides it appears in