Flashcards: the dog's head

Answer key

1. Head (caput) — From the nose leather to the nape, including the ears.
2. Muzzle (rostrum) — The front part of the head, from the stop to the nose leather.
3. Nose (nose leather) (planum nasale) — The tip of the muzzle, the hairless skin around the nostrils.
4. Eye (oculus) — On the sides of the head, in the orbits, above the stop.
5. Ear (auris) — On the top of the head, behind the eyes.
6. Skull (cranium) — The bones of the head, without the mandible.
7. Mandible (mandibula) — The bone of the lower jaw, articulated with the skull at the temporomandibular joint.
8. Temporalis (musculus temporalis) — On the sides of the skull, in the temporal fossa, from above the eye to the nape.
9. Masseter (musculus masseter) — On the cheek, between the zygomatic arch and the mandible.
10. Orbit (orbita) — The bony cavity of the eye.
11. Zygomatic arch (arcus zygomaticus) — The cheekbone, below the eye, from the orbit to the jaw joint; easily felt under the skin.
12. Temporomandibular joint (articulatio temporomandibularis) — The jaw joint, below the ear, behind the zygomatic arch.
13. Tympanic bulla (bulla tympanica) — Under the skull, behind the jaw joint.
14. External occipital protuberance (protuberantia occipitalis externa) — The rearmost point of the skull, at the nape; easily felt under the skin.
15. External sagittal crest (crista sagittalis externa) — The ridge along the middle of the skull, between the two temporal fossae, up to the occipital protuberance.
16. Larynx (larynx) — At the entrance to the trachea, below the pharynx, suspended from the hyoid apparatus.
17. Brain (encephalon) — In the cranial cavity, protected by the neurocranium.
18. Spinal cord (medulla spinalis) — In the vertebral canal, from the foramen magnum backward, below the crests of the vertebrae.
19. Thyroid gland (glandula thyroidea) — On the sides of the trachea, immediately behind the larynx, along the first 6-7 tracheal rings.
20. Forehead (frons) — Above the eyes, on the frontal bone, between the stop and the crown.
21. Stop (no anatomical term) — The step between the forehead and the bridge of the nose, between the eyes.
22. Cheek (bucca) — The lateral wall of the mouth, from the corner of the lips to below the ear.
23. Lips (labium superius / inferius) — Around the opening of the mouth; the corner of the mouth reaches the level of the cheek teeth.
24. Chin (mentum) — Below the lower lip, at the tip of the mandible.
25. Nostrils (nares) — The two openings of the nose, in the planum nasale of the nose leather.
26. Vibrissae (tactile hairs) (pili tactiles) — On the upper and lower lip, on the cheeks, on the chin and above the eyes.
27. Eyelids (palpebrae) — Around the opening of the eye; the third eyelid in the corner toward the nose.
28. Orbicularis oris (m. orbicularis oris) — In the thickness of the lips, around the opening of the mouth.
29. Levator nasolabialis (m. levator nasolabialis) — From the forehead and the nasal bones, past the orbit, to the upper lip and the wing of the nostril.
30. Buccinator (m. buccinator) — In the cheek, parallel to the axis of the mouth, between the masseter and the corner of the lips.
31. Orbicularis oculi (m. orbicularis oculi) — In the eyelids, around the opening of the eye.
32. Digastricus (m. digastricus) — From the base of the skull, behind the ear, to the lower edge of the mandible.
33. Auricular muscles (mm. auriculares) — Around the base of the ear, with the scutiform cartilage in the front group.
34. Nasal bone (os nasale) — The roof of the nasal cavity, on the bridge of the nose; paired.
35. Incisive bone (os incisivum) — The bony tip of the muzzle; carries the upper incisors.
36. Maxilla (maxilla) — The facial bone above the upper teeth, in front of the orbit.
37. Frontal bone (os frontale) — The base of the forehead: above the orbits, between the nasal and the parietal bones.
38. Parietal bone (os parietale) — The roof of the braincase, between the frontal and the occipital bone.
39. Occipital bone (os occipitale) — The back end of the skull, where the atlas attaches.
40. Temporal bone (os temporale) — The lateral part of the skull, around the ear, with the tympanic bulla.
41. Zygomatic bone (os zygomaticum) — The cheekbone, below the orbit; the front part of the zygomatic arch.
42. Hyoid apparatus (apparatus hyoideus) — Between the rami of the mandible, attached above to the temporal bone, below to the larynx.
43. Cerebellum (cerebellum) — In the back part of the braincase, behind the hemispheres, above the brainstem.
44. Brainstem (truncus encephali) — Below the cerebellum, between the hemispheres and the spinal cord.
45. Olfactory bulb (bulbus olfactorius) — At the front end of the brain, below the frontal lobes, on the cribriform plate.
46. Hypophysis (hypophysis) — Below the brain, in the hypophyseal fossa of the base of the skull.
47. Tongue (lingua) — On the floor of the mouth, between the rami of the mandible, attached to the hyoid and to the chin.
48. Parotid gland (glandula parotidea) — At the base of the ear, between the ramus of the mandible and the masseter.
49. Mandibular gland (glandula mandibularis) — Below and behind the angle of the mandible, next to the jugular vein.
50. Mandibular lymph nodes (lymphonodi mandibulares) — Below the angle of the mandible, immediately under the skin.